Saturday, August 31, 2019
Bad Drivers
Please note that the drivers used in this rant are full driving license and know the ‘Do's and Don't of driving! What is a bad driver? A bad driver is the moron who lacks the brain capacity to drive like a normal person. Instead of looking at a situation and thinking about it logically, the driver chugs along In their own little world blissfully unaware of the world around them. It Isn't that they don't want to care about the others around them, the problem Is that their brains are actually so tiny that they are enable to comprehend more than one thing at a time.This Is why you will often spot a bad driver stopping in the middle of the road. What has happened, Is that In the middle of attempting a maneuver that requires them to think about multiple things at the same time, their brain and body has suffered a complete overload and shut Itself down. A few weeks ago I suffered a mentally disturbing experience. As usual I was running late for my football class, so I decided to ask my parents If I can go by car. Surprisingly they agreed.After a fairly peaceful Journey, possibly the worst possible outcome occurred. It was a minor road and 2 cars have met. What should have happened is either one of the drivers reverse into an opening to clear the way, saving everyone loads of time; however neither one of the drivers had the decency to clear the way and soon enough a 2 car roadblock became a bundle of cars all mindlessly honking at each other. What have we become? Human Being†¦ Seriously, is there some kind of driving epidemic going on that I haven't heard about?
Friday, August 30, 2019
Psychology and Language: Research Proposal Essay
The relationship between psychology and language is a moot point among some scholars. However, when the two disciplines are taken into account in terms of their contrast and comparison, it merges jarringly clear that a relation exists between them. The two are either inextricably bound, or one of the discipline is overly dependent on the on the other. This study is aimed at unveiling the relations that exist between the two. And for this to be realized, the opinion of various targeted respondents will have to be solicited through interviews. Besides, scholarly opinion will also be collected and collated from publications, both recent and past. Their review will therefore assist to come up with a condensed conclusion about the study. In essence, this research will bring to the connection between the two disciplines, how one influences the development of another. Literature Review The relationship between language and psychology can hardly be gainsaid. Various scholars have delved into this discourse, offering their varied opinion supported by their informed arguments.            According to some theories, language do exists as a system of signs, the meaning and implications of which are entirely dependent on their relation to other signs of the system, and of the structure of linguistic expressions in which they occur. Other theories have it that language is a system of syntactic forms which come ready made in the mind of the speaker from birth, and which gives speakers the competence to generate and understand infinitely many different propositions. And this is independent of the experience and knowledge that speakers have of that which they speak or of the context in which the propositions are generated and understood. (Paetorius, 98)            The study of languages, otherwise termed as linguistics can sometimes be a technical discipline with a reality and a vocabulary of its own. This best explains why psychologists have often waited for linguists to offer them education on the meaning of language. This meaning helps the psychologists in the quest to further study its comprehension, processing and acquisition. (Tomasello, 1)            In The Grammar of Autobiography, Quigley aptly relates the two disciplines by arguing that psychology operates in an unstable, developing world that is open to change as a consequence of our communicative activity, rather than in the independent knowable reality of cognitive psychology. He adds that linking psychology with our social world is hardly a new phenomenon. Instead, proposing language as the mediator between the two is novel. (6) Currently, language isn’t only representative but also formative. It does functions to construct situations as they are, instead of just to reporting them. He argues that our thoughts aren’t just the source of our talk; they are constituted and/or formulated in our talk. Since psychology is the science of the mind, then the objects of psychology is not individuals but what goes on in the space between them. While studying the relation between words and world, it is not cognition but language that gives us the world. (6) In Language as Social Action: Social Psychology and Language Use, another scholar, Holtgraves, point out that language use is interpersonal in many ways. For one, it is a rich source of identity- relevant information. This is because many aspects of language use, for instance accent, speech rate and politeness level, provide crucial information that can be used by others in forming impressions of people. (6) Besides, many of these variables can be changed strategically as means of managing the impressions that people convey to others. Holtgraves therefore concludes that the use of language plays a significant role in both person perceptions; how people perceive one another and impression management: how people vary their talks strategically to achieve particular effects. (6) From the above discourse we can infer that the correlation between psychology and language is best demonstrated by the fact that words, which are the predominant tools of human communication bear meaning which are not independent from the though process of individuals. Michael Forrester argues in Psychology of Language: A Critical Introduction, that there has always existed a link between psychology and philosophy which has been close and occasionally complementary. And this is particularly the case within psychology of language, especially when the question of meaning arises. Therefore it is hard, even impossible to discuss to discuss language as such without looking into the nature of meaning. This makes it difficult o consider key topics in language for instance, communication, language acquisition and comprehension, without the understanding of what is at issue when people use the word ‘meaning’. (56) Forrester adds that the use of a word or a phrase in appropriate way makes one immediately accountable for whatever they say. As a result, we assume that people mean what they say and also intend others will understand the acceptable meaning of the utterance and act accordingly. Therefore, language without meaning is not language at all. This overview study of meaning, otherwise termed as semantics, makes it clear that although there are particular gains in adopting approaches where appropriate, any consideration of what language user mean when they make an utterance in context imputes us to go beyond truth-conditional semantics. In sum, the contemporary study of semantics can hardly be taken without due consideration of the function of language. (56) One universal design feature of language is that their meaning bearing form is that they are divided into two different subsystems: the open class otherwise known as the lexical and the closed class otherwise refereed to as the grammatical. The difference between the two is that open classes do have many members and can easily add many more. These include nouns, verbs and adjectives. On the other hand, closed classes have relatively few members and are hard difficult to augment. They consist of such bound forms as inflections as found in verbs and such free forms as prepositions, conjunction and determinants. The meaning that open-class forms do express are virtually unrestricted, whereas those of closed-class forms are highly constrained both as the conceptual category they can refer to and as to the particular member notions within any such category. (Tomassello, 15) In essence language has a more profound implication s fro our social existence. It plays a role in virtually every aspect of our dealings with others. Therefore understanding what we are doing when we use language can help us to understand what it means to be a social being. (Holtgrave, 8)            Possibilities have been explored for studying language at its functional roots as well as its structural realization. This is in the sense that human speech may be formed by general adaptive semantics at the limbic core of the brain as it is then articulated within specific sensory and motor routines of the neocortical shell. (Givon and Malle, 71) This argument can be made on anatomical grounds, interpreting function through the density of connections. It can also be made on psychological grounds, interpreting the excitability of limbic-cortical connections as reflective of the process of memory consolidation. (Givon and Malle, 71)                                               Research Hypothesis The conduction of this research will involve both the independent and dependent variables. The independent variables in this study are language as a tool that facilitates communication and psychology as the science of the mind. On the other hand the dependent variables are language speakers, communication and psychologists.            The independent variable in this study are related to the dependent variable in that, it is from the language speakers that the in-depth meaning of words is unveiled, further revealing the underlying intentions behind the spoken words. This relations goes ahead to shed additional light on how the mind is the source of words. Therefore, the spoken word does betray the intention of the mind. The other independent variable, in this case the psychologists, through their informed opinions help to shape the realism and surrealism of the link between psychology and language. Research Methods Research Design The relevant data that will facilitate the comprehensive conclusion of this study will be gathered by the use of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. In essence, both primary and secondary data will be whereas probability and non-probability methods of sampling will be employed in selecting the representative sample of the population.            Target Population. The study will be conducted nation-wide amongst language students (those learning a new language), language teachers, linguists and psychologists. The targeted respondents will fall within the age bracket of 16 and 60 years of age.                    Data Collection Instruments For constructive findings to be reached, this study will warrant that various instruments of data collection be employed. For one, quantitative data will be collected by the use of structured interviews: questionnaires will be served to the targeted populations, with questions bearing some slight differences according to the specific ages or occupation of the respondents. Other quantitative data will be gathered by the use of service statistics, which will compare the results of a particular previous relevant studies conducted nationwide. Secondary data sources from books, magazines, journals and legal documents will also offer quantitative data. On the other hand, qualitative data will be gathered through unstructured interviews, whereby experts in law and sociology will be interviewed. Qualitative data will also be gathered from focus group discussions, direct observation in the court proceedings and juvenile jail routine, and content analysis of published material.       Expected Results This study will likely reach the following results: It is anticipated that most respondents will concur with the fact that there is a relation between language and psychology; this response is likely to come from linguists, language scholars and psychologists, who through in-depth study have come into access of this relation. The relationship between language and psychology can easily escape the knowledge of many. This is expected to be the confession of many language speakers who have never had the opportunity through study to both consider how the two disciplines differ and compare. They of course will confess their ignorance about the subtle technical similarities and difference between the two disciplines. However, given a chance to muse over it, the above respondents will readily agree that there is a relation between the two disciplines. This will come easily since they can visualize the link between their thoughts and words. The literature from which the secondary data in this study will be gathered will likely demonstrate views of the correlation between the two disciplines. Some scholars will definitely beg to differ with this argument, though they are not going to outnumber those who support the argument that indeed a relationship exists between the two. Reference Michael Tomassello, The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches  to Languages Structure, 1. Nini Praetorius, (2003) Principles of Cognition, Language and Action, 98.  Thomas M. Holtgraves (200) Language as Social Action: Social Psychology and Language Use,  6, 8. Givon and Bertram F. Malle (2002) The Evolution of Language out of Pre-Language, 71. Jean Quigley, The Grammar of Autobiography, 6. Michael A. Forrester, (1996) Psychology of Language: A Critical Introduction, 56. Â
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte â€Å"The human race is governed by its imagination. †(Napoleon Bonaparte)is This quote by Napoleon shows how he believed that government should be made by the voice of the people. Napoleon Bonaparte was a great leader of war for France, and ruled as a democratic reformer. Ever since he was a kid, Napoleon had great leadership skills, and a love for the military. He was an excellent student, and he studied the tactics of previous rulers. Napoleon led many great battles and won most of them by changing the style of the army.His new tactics, leadership skills, and many conquests led him to be praised by many people. This resulted to him being appointed Consul of the French Republic and gaining political power. Napoleon Bonaparte was a democratic reformer because he granted people rights based on the ideas of the French Revolution, understood the importance of civilians, and his people viewed him as a great ruler. Napoleon Bonaparte was a ruler who granted many rights and freedoms to his people. Many of his rights were based on the French Revolution such as the idea of equality.He believed that all people should be treated fairly no matter who they are. This is shown in document four, â€Å"No one should get special treatment based on birth or fortune, and this system of equality is the reason that your English monarchy hates me so much†. Napoleon also believed that improving education was very important, and that it would help bring their country forward. This belief is shown in document two, â€Å"Of all our institutions public education is the most important. Everything depends on it, the present and the future†.He also granted religious freedom, abolished serfdom, and respected his people. All of these freedoms are freedoms that a democratic reformer would certainly give to his people. Napoleon Bonaparte was a man who loved his country and his people which he showed by giving them many rights and freedoms. Napoleon was a man who believed in his people and understood them. He mainly gave his people equality because he understood how important it was throughout his life, especially his childhood. This is shown in document two, â€Å"Before I became a ruler, I was a subject, and before that I was a student.I can never forget how powerfully the sentiment of equality influenced my mind and excited my heart†. He told his civilians that he once was one of them, and he knows how tough life can get. Document four shows how he believes he can make their lives better, â€Å"I have always been of the opinion that the sovereignty should lay with the people†. A democratic reformer would let his people have a say in their government which is exactly what Napoleon did. He wanted the best possible for his people. Unlike an absolute monarch, he listened to what the people had to say, and he based the laws on them.Napoleon Bonaparte was an understanding person who helped the voice of the people be heard . Not only did Napoleon do such great things, but his people admired and praised him as a ruler. Christians believed that God had placed him on Earth to rule as their own benefit. This is shown in document ten, â€Å"God, who has created†¦ by loading our emperor with gifts both in peace and war, established him as our sovereign and made him the agent of his power and his image on earth. †Many of his people respected him, and they were able to list many positive things about Napoleon’s contribution to them.This is shown in document ten, â€Å"Napoleon, our emperor, love, respect, obedience, fidelty, military service, and the taxes levied for the preservation and defense of the empire and of his throne†. Such praise for Napoleon by his people clearly shows that what he does is for them which is a trait of a democratic reformer. His ways to connect and make his citizens happy definitely affected the way his people think about him. Napoleon Bonaparte’s rights and ideas based on the French Revolution, a strong understanding of his people, and his people praising him as a great person all lead to the conclusion that he was a democratic reformer.It is very important to know what his views on government were and how they resulted because we can relate it to governments of today. People can compare how certain rights given to people can better their view on their government. Additionally, it is a way to compare and contrast Napoleon and his ideas to present day government officials. With all of this information, people can make many connections to present day government to other’s such as Napoleon’s. Overall, Napoleon Bonaparte was a great democratic reformer of the past of France. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte â€Å"The human race is governed by its imagination. †(Napoleon Bonaparte)is This quote by Napoleon shows how he believed that government should be made by the voice of the people. Napoleon Bonaparte was a great leader of war for France, and ruled as a democratic reformer. Ever since he was a kid, Napoleon had great leadership skills, and a love for the military. He was an excellent student, and he studied the tactics of previous rulers. Napoleon led many great battles and won most of them by changing the style of the army.His new tactics, leadership skills, and many conquests led him to be praised by many people. This resulted to him being appointed Consul of the French Republic and gaining political power. Napoleon Bonaparte was a democratic reformer because he granted people rights based on the ideas of the French Revolution, understood the importance of civilians, and his people viewed him as a great ruler. Napoleon Bonaparte was a ruler who granted many rights and freedoms to his people. Many of his rights were based on the French Revolution such as the idea of equality.He believed that all people should be treated fairly no matter who they are. This is shown in document four, â€Å"No one should get special treatment based on birth or fortune, and this system of equality is the reason that your English monarchy hates me so much†. Napoleon also believed that improving education was very important, and that it would help bring their country forward. This belief is shown in document two, â€Å"Of all our institutions public education is the most important. Everything depends on it, the present and the future†.He also granted religious freedom, abolished serfdom, and respected his people. All of these freedoms are freedoms that a democratic reformer would certainly give to his people. Napoleon Bonaparte was a man who loved his country and his people which he showed by giving them many rights and freedoms. Napoleon was a man who believed in his people and understood them. He mainly gave his people equality because he understood how important it was throughout his life, especially his childhood. This is shown in document two, â€Å"Before I became a ruler, I was a subject, and before that I was a student.I can never forget how powerfully the sentiment of equality influenced my mind and excited my heart†. He told his civilians that he once was one of them, and he knows how tough life can get. Document four shows how he believes he can make their lives better, â€Å"I have always been of the opinion that the sovereignty should lay with the people†. A democratic reformer would let his people have a say in their government which is exactly what Napoleon did. He wanted the best possible for his people. Unlike an absolute monarch, he listened to what the people had to say, and he based the laws on them.Napoleon Bonaparte was an understanding person who helped the voice of the people be heard . Not only did Napoleon do such great things, but his people admired and praised him as a ruler. Christians believed that God had placed him on Earth to rule as their own benefit. This is shown in document ten, â€Å"God, who has created†¦ by loading our emperor with gifts both in peace and war, established him as our sovereign and made him the agent of his power and his image on earth. †Many of his people respected him, and they were able to list many positive things about Napoleon’s contribution to them.This is shown in document ten, â€Å"Napoleon, our emperor, love, respect, obedience, fidelty, military service, and the taxes levied for the preservation and defense of the empire and of his throne†. Such praise for Napoleon by his people clearly shows that what he does is for them which is a trait of a democratic reformer. His ways to connect and make his citizens happy definitely affected the way his people think about him. Napoleon Bonaparte’s rights and ideas based on the French Revolution, a strong understanding of his people, and his people praising him as a great person all lead to the conclusion that he was a democratic reformer.It is very important to know what his views on government were and how they resulted because we can relate it to governments of today. People can compare how certain rights given to people can better their view on their government. Additionally, it is a way to compare and contrast Napoleon and his ideas to present day government officials. With all of this information, people can make many connections to present day government to other’s such as Napoleon’s. Overall, Napoleon Bonaparte was a great democratic reformer of the past of France. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most powerful individuals in history. He was a great soldier, an unparalleled tactician and a skilled administrator. His dictatorship and ruthlessness led him to his thinking that he could do no wrong. As a teenager, he grew in a revolutionary era that gave him the opportunity to become an achiever. His first military opportunity came when he became the captain at the siege of Toulon. Here, he was able to seize crucial forts even bombed the British naval and land military men. The incident brought about the retreat of the British forces. When he was the brigadier-general, he joined the military campaign in Italy but was unfortunately arrested and sent to jail because of his association to his younger brother Maximilien Robiespierre. After his release, he worked with Paul Barras who was a member of the Directory. Barras used Bonaparte’s great passion to stop a royalist mob in 1795 with what the now famous â€Å"whiff of grapeshot.†Despite Napoleon’s leadership skills, he had certain weaknesses such as impatience dislike of criticisms and over-optimism. These qualities manifested when he controlled and censored the press. Perhaps, he would be more admired if he was able to face and do something about his shortcomings rather the controlling the press. One of the grave weaknesses that he committed was actually reforming the tax system. He imposed heavy taxes in Germany and even cut off imports because of the continued wars. This actually decreased his popularity among the people. It is never a good tactic to become a dictator. A leader will only be a good one if his leadership is ratified in the hearts of his people. This was violated by Bonaparte when he opted to put the burden to the people in order to prioritize the war. Bibliography Asprey, R. (2000). The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. New York: Basic Books. Connelly, O. (2006). Blundering to Glory: Napoleon’s Military Campaigns. London: Rowman and Littlefield. Cronin, V. (1994) Napoleon. London: Harper Collins. Durant, W. (1975). The Age of Napeleon. New York: Simon and Schuster.   Â
Thursday, August 29, 2019
Inflation Control by Government of UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Inflation Control by Government of UK - Essay Example This heaving inflation delayed diverted central banks plus stalled them from lessening interest rates to assist in relieving the credit crunch. In spite of all of the above during January, the depression was expected. The predictions for 2009 are bleak: Alistair Darling declared of late that the government had misjudged the severity of it. On the other hand, a more positive school of reflection says that the nastiest of the depression perhaps might be over. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my professor for all the support, assistance and advice all along. I would also like to thank my family and friends, who also encouraged me and motivated me at every step. This report helped get into the crux of the issue, i was also able to analyze the situation from the government and the Publics perspective. The world economy has been considerably exaggerated by the monetary crisis plus analysis are the nastiest given that the Great Depression. Already, the largest developed countries, notably those where the crisis originated, have entered into recession. Drop over to the supplementary countries was primarily minute; however a lot of bussing economies are currently facing it tough. The suppositions regarding a decoupling of these economies have without a doubt demonstrated off beam. 1.1 The emergent countries: These emerging countries too are facing the influences of the calamity, which will interrupt moreover in a lot cases overturn the accomplishment of the Millennium Development purposes, together with the civilized work for all. This is of fastidious concern provided that, even during the pre calamity phase, the development outlines within specific areas, particularly within the United Kingdom, making way towards the insignificant decline within poverty. The civilized living also working state of affairs still remain out of acess for a lot of individuals .Most significantly, the crisis has made it right through the valid economy by resources of three equally strengthening diffusion channels, explicitly: the restricted accessibility of credit for the working capital, trade funding and feasible investments within the real economy , implying the credit crunch ; vigilant cost decisions, leaning towards the minor side of the yield, service and costs, in turn distressing assurance amongst th e customers and
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
Culinary Arts Past, Present and Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Culinary Arts Past, Present and Future - Essay Example Italian Caterina de Medici, who was born in 1519, was the niece of Lorenzo ‘The Magnificent’ de Medici, who ruled Florence {Italy}. She automatically obtained French nationality when she married Henry of Orleans, the King of France, at an early age. When she relocated to France from Italy, Caterina brought along a large entourage that included several cooks, all experts in Italian cooking which had contributed to the gastronomical supremacy of Florence for centuries. The exposition of their expertise by the Florentine cooks in France set off such a revolution in the history of culinary art that Caterina de Medici, without whom it would never have come about, is credited with laying the foundation for modern cuisine to flourish. The Florentine cooks introduced to the French new dishes such as peas and beans, duck in orange {canard a l’orange}, bà ©chamel {balsa mella}, crepes {crespelle} and onion soup {carabaccia}. The cooks specializing in pastry-making displaye d their expertise with items like pasta, fruits in syrup, marmalades, ice creams and sorbets. The Italians also demonstrated a totally new protocol of the dining table {in which Florence was far better than other Europeans} consisting of elegant table setting, high-quality silverware and glasses, fine embroidery and napkins, delightful perfumes and luxurious lingerie, and most of all, proper table etiquette. The impressive Italian contribution was topped by Caterina who unveiled the fork and demonstrated how it should be used. The Italian revelations enriched the existing French culinary arts {which was in a productive discipline of its own} allowing the French to improve and add to their own achievements (Chef2Chef Recipe Club). Nearly 100 years after Caterina de Medici and her Italian entourage began the French culinary arts’ revolutionizing process in France during the 16th century, a valuable and spurring contribution was provided by Francois Vatel,
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Corporate strategy assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Corporate strategy assigment - Essay Example The company has employed more than ten thousand professionals in 27 countries globally. The company enjoys considered client base that include insurance companies, corporations, sovereign wealth funds, banks, pension companies and endowment foundations. The company offered integrated services to its clients including enterprise management, strategic advisory services and risk management services. The company has more than US $ 3.67 trillion in fixed income securities, real estates, equity funds and alternative investments (Grind 40). Business model development Black Rock Inc has implemented an excellent business model. The company recognizes the changing business environment requires innovative products. The company has a global scale approach to its operations and enables clients have a local reach to its services. The company is also client-focused since it provides integrated services to its client portfolio. The business model is aimed at facilitating efficiency, enhancing teamwo rk across the globe and offering tailor-made products that meet the client needs. Organisational culture One of the core assets of the organisation is an organisational culture that is aimed at meeting client needs. ... The company adds value to client solutions by the constant evolution of new product offerings. Through offshore funds, unit trusts and managed accounts, the company has been able to meet the unique needs of each client in the world. Human resources The company has invested in highly qualified risk management analysts and other key staff. For instance, the company has recently recruited experienced staff from some of the major competitors. The risk and quantitative analysis teams utilize a global and integrated approach in analysis of the market risks while also maintaining a regional orientation. The human resources are able to use the best practices in investments and risk management activities. Distribution and logistics The company has office locations in about 27 countries. The company has also enhanced the global reach through offering investment opportunities through the internet. The company has established partnerships with other financial intermediaries in order to increase the client base. Porter’s Five Forces Supplier power Maintaining of a good relationship with current clients is very important for Black Rock Inc. Current clients usually refer new clients due to their satisfaction with services that they receive from an organization. The company recognizes this and has invested on building long term relationships with their clients. One of the critical assets of the company is a good reputation that is maintained by the investor relations segment of the business (Schermerhorn 2010). Black rock Inc has been able to gain a high ranking among potential employees through its performance in the industry. Therefore, the company gets a highly qualified pool of applicants to choose from when hiring employees. The employees are
Monday, August 26, 2019
Strategies of communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Strategies of communication - Essay Example The aforementioned points are important in all communicating situations whether one is transmitting persuasive, positive or negative messages. However, it must be noted that communication can be misinterpreted even if there is nothing wrong with the message due to a number of reasons. The research shows that implicit personality, logical error, the halo effect, stereotyping, differences in perception, incorrect filtering, language problems, poor listening, differing emotional states, differing backgrounds, information overload, message complexity, lack of trust, differing status, and closed communication climate can influence the process of decoding. I have been working, most of the time, in Marketing and Sales departments in different companies after completing my education. Marketing and Sales are generally considered a key department for all organizations as it generates revenues for the organization, which is vital for the survival of the organizations. Working in this department means that a person should have high communication and analytic skills because not only he holds meetings with external clients but also spends considerable time in holding meetings with various departments of the company. Almost six months ago, I changed my company and joined the current firm as General Manager where I have a team of 30 people. The climate of the organization was antagonistic and morale of the employees of the department was not very high when I joined the company.
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Individual differences and second language acquisition Essay
Individual differences and second language acquisition - Essay Example ional or biological factors enhance the differences amid humans, and there are ways that individuals use to learn their variations, although their interaction and introspection with other individuals can be similar. In this regard, it is crucial to evaluate the individual differences that influence second language acquisition. Among the factors that will be evaluate include; age, learning styles, individual motivation, learning strategies, sex, personality and aptitude. One of the most influential individual differences that affect the acquisition of second language is age. Ehrman, Leaver and Oxford (2003) hold that children and young individuals have a better chance of acquiring a second language as compared to older individuals; the argument is that there is a certain age limit at which children have the ability to acquire a second language at a faster rate. Beyond that age, physiological transformations in the brain force it to lose its capacity to intake new functions of acquiring a new language. For persons that have been deprived off the ability for linguistic input require a trigger that enhances the acquisition of the first language and this occurs at a critical period. Zafar and Meenakshi (2012) cite a case in which a 13 year old girl that had been abused and kept away from any languages was rescued; unfortunately, regardless of the numerous efforts to teach her the first language so as she would communicate, Genie never learnt the languag e. This finding led to a long and controversial debate which sought to determine the appropriate time in which an individual can acquire a new language. In other words, scholars held that there is a critical period at which an individual can acquire a new language and it is controlled by the physiological transformations that take place in the brain. The explanation given is that as an individual becomes older, the level of self-conscious increases and it hinders the ability to learn a second language. The sensitive
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Apple's Suicide Factory Outsourcing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Apple's Suicide Factory Outsourcing - Case Study Example Apple Inc. has a widespread global distribution network terminals in every continent. Company’s products are sold through online stores, retail stores, direct sales force, and dealers. There are three hundred and thirty two Apple Inc. stores in the United States of America, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and Spain. The supply chain management at Apple Inc Supply chain management involves setting up of objectives, designing and implementing strategies to achieve the objectives as well as monitoring and evaluating all the processes and activities. The activities in the supply chain including but not limited to material sourcing and procurement, conversion of raw materials, the collaboration between the company and channel partners; transportation of raw materials from producers to factory and transportation of finished products from the factory to the consumers. An effective supply chain achieves high sales and profits. Apple Inc. is the company to reckon. This is because it has the most reliable and profitable supply chain. The supply chain meets customers’ needs on time. Furthermore, in its manufacturing process, it delays competitors’ products from reaching the market. Goldman (2011) revealed that competitors of the company are being delayed from manufacturing their products because Apple Inc. contracted the world largest suppliers, who give Apple Inc. products a priority. This makes the company confident in its supply. The type of Apple’s Inc. supply chain is the dominant company. The company practice vertical integration in its manufacturing process, which enables the company to outsource several of its components. However, the company controls the software, hardware, and processors. Apple Inc. uses its large size and vast resources to obtain deals with component producers and makes sure that the company’s component is made available to the company at a ll times. Furthermore, in its supply chain, Apple Inc. sells few products. However, it sells many other common parts to all its gadgets. This makes Apple Inc. supply chain the most perfected. In Singapore, Samsung makes central processing units, video processing chips while Infineon makes baseband communication gadgets. In Taiwan, there are six companies. Foxconn International manufactures internal circuitry; Primax Electronics makes digital camera modules; Omicron Technology produces printed circuit boards; Entry Industrial makes connectors; Cambridge Silicon makes Bluetooth chipsets, and Catcher Technology makes stainless metal casings. Figure 1: Apple’s Supply Chain Map Apple Supply Chain Singapore Taiwan the United States-China Source: Abilla (2007) In the United States of America, Broadcom produces touch screen controllers and Marvell manufactures 802.11 specific parts. Apple Shenzhen in China assembles all hardware, package the readymade and store products as they await dispatch to various global markets.
Friday, August 23, 2019
Job Security in Relation to Japan and India Assignment - 1
Job Security in Relation to Japan and India - Assignment Example The loyalty and commitment from the employees are widely dependent on the job security offered by the organizations of the country. To cope with the situations and a more stable relationship between the employees and the employer Japanese companies are constantly changing their pattern of employment which is needed to be implemented by the Government of India and the organization at India for a more stable and strong relationship building for building an employee base with high commitment and loyalty instead of being rigid to the rules of the Government. Flexibility at work plays a vital role in building trust amongst the employees and satisfies with job security for the employees (Zechariah, â€Å"Comparative Industrial Relations in Japan and India†). With the initialization of industrialization in Japan, the Japanese Industrial Relations System is a perfect blending of continuity and change in the characteristics of the employees. The first industrial enterprise of Japan was founded by the Japan government in the year 1890. This was first handled by powerful industrial families of the country but later with the transition from the agrarian society to the industrial nation demands relationship between the employees and the employers with the changing business model. With the influence of the western culture into the workplace, the organization are influenced to change their work structure. Various reforms came into play with the introduction of lifetime employment as a form of linkage between the employer and the employees to build the strong relationship. With the development of industrial relations, the workers are needed to possess’ special skills to retain their jobs in the competitive environment. The emergence of the lifetime employment and remuneration pattern was designed keeping in mind the future trend in the industry. The regular employees are who enjoys lifetime employment schemes and are paid according to the length of their services in the system. Â
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Ethnic study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Ethnic study - Essay Example This is because man is a giver and female is a receiver in a sexual encounter .However, homosexuality has been succumbed to many prejudices and arguments, but still it continued to persist as an ever forbidden pleasure for male population. Men have always dominated sexual rights, and women were restricted and tabooed from experiencing sexual activities like men do. Men have been given more opportunity to explore their sexual desires whereas women have been condemned from following her whims and fancies about sex. It was considered natural for men to practice any means to satisfy his sexual needs as it was his utmost biological or physiological need. However the author, Mathew Guttman considered that such outward sexual fantasies of men have led to the practice of homosexuality among them which led to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. â€Å"The notions of â€Å"men natural sexual desires†were blamed for a host of health problems like AIDS on Oaxaca†(Guttmann ,3). It is a common perception that all men carry same sexual desires and wants and all want to have sexual encounter with women in order to reach pleasure and satisfaction. But the fact is different, as various men indulge in different sexual acts with different gender to accomplish their sexual fetishes. They predominantly are sexual beings, and their needs are more connected to the body than mind, and, want their urges to be met invariable of the sexual object of desire. According to the author, men are not heterosexual always as most people think, many keeps a secret sexuality of themselves which they tend to explore in hides -out or darkness. Birth Control Issue Birth control is practiced among Mexican families for the main objective of restricting the birth of children and to give men more chances of indulging in sexual pleasures. Since generations, women have been given contraceptive methods to stop themselves from getting pregnant. In Mexico, men are more concerned about the reproductive health and sexuality and birth control measures are taken keeping in mind these two said factors. â€Å"It is just too obvious that much of the decision making – about what birth control methods , about what antiretroviral treatment for people with HIV and AIDS, are available – take place in boardrooms of pharmaceutical companies of Basel, Switzerland and New Jersey†(Gutmann,14).This shows that the men and women have little control on the birth control decision making and they depend on foreigners and medical specialist for this purpose. The main issue regarding gaining information on sterilization among Oaxaca men is tedious. Most of them men are deceitful when it comes to explaining the real reason behind their choice of sterilization. However, most men resort to sterilization for not taxing women’s health too much as they are the one who always get succumbed to contraceptive methods and techniques in earlier tiems. The men even want to ha ve more sexual experience with women and if they are sterilized they can engage in sex with female partners more frequently and carelessly. The medicalization of men sexuality, is another major concern of Mexican nation. The author here means that, sexual activities and phenomena of men in Mexico should be a subject of concern among the health care reforms and medical centers. They should study why men are infected with HIV and should stop the widespread of disease across the
Divorce Bill Essay Example for Free
Divorce Bill Essay Marriage is regarded as a sacred union between man and a woman, and the family founded on marriage is recognized as a fount of love, protection and care; therefore it must be cherished and must last forever. Nonetheless, when everything is broken, and many tears were shed, all ends into divorce. Divorce is the final termination of a marital union, canceling the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and dissolving the bonds of matrimony between the parties (unlike annulment, which declares the marriage null and void). Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries it requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process. The reason that gave me urge to pursue this topic is my sympathy to the children that will get left behind. This survey showcases the different views of some people towards this topic. â€Å"Divorce is a declaration of independence with only two signers. – Gerard Lieberman The question I am contending goes like this: â€Å"Pipirma ka ba?†People have different views and opinions concerning this topic. There are those who are in favor of divorce and those who are not in favor of divorce. The third will be those who are neutral. I asked several students about their stand on divorce. The following are the comments of some anti-divorce people: According to Jerome Canonizado, 1st year student of Mapua Institute of Technology, why would people bother themselves for a marriage if they will just give themselves pester and hassle in dealing with divorce papers? Canonizado is implying that he is implying that he isn’t in favor with divorce. Another comment from Sorell Angeles, a freshman student in Ateneo de Manila University, said no for he believes that marriage is a lifetime  decision that’s why choosing the right partner should be taken seriously. He as well added that with divorce, the sanctity and holiness of marriage will be easily broken by those who will not be serious for this manner. Other respondents like Julius Rodriguez of Mapua, and John De Asis of Ateneo, stressed out the vows and promises renounced by the couple during the marriage. They are saying that after all these vows and promises, why would a couple end up filing divorce papers with each other? They are implicitly saying that their stand for this subject is against divorce. In addition with these anti-divorce people above, another anti-divorce person in the name of Bernadette Senado, a cell group mentor and a teacher gave her opinion as regards to divorce. She said that in this day and age, most relationships are results of people’s emotional impulses. Because of these, people were blinded and were not able to make right decisions and choices, and choose the right partner. All in all, in any angle, according to her, there’s no beauty in divorce. Now, the following are the comments of the pro-divorce people: Arnold Justin Mejia Rull, a resident of Marikina city, commented that he is a pro-divorce. His answer was based on a certain situation in a relationship. According to him, he would definitely file a divorce case once gets battered. Another pro-divorce person would be Alec Baluyot, a 1st year student of Mapua. For him, when the time comes where the intimacy and spark between a couple no longer exists, he will file a divorce. This would prevent more damages caused by the quarrels and fights of the couple, which would greatly give an impact to their children. At this time, the following are the scrutinizations made by the people whose stand on this matter is neutral. For John Roel Yerro, a freshman student of Ateneo de Manila University, his decision for this subject depends on the situation undergone by a couple. What is more important for him is the proper and efficient management of a relationship between couples. Another student from Ateneo, in the person of Benro Balaoing, stated his stand for this issue. According to him, nowadays, we’re in a situation where in what is needed are the security of life and the preservation of the honor and dignity of each individual in our country. The children are the ones greatly affected by this issue. In addition to that, he said that instead of condemning a couple for making a wrong decision, he said that what is more important is the options we can provide for them to be freed out of such atrocious situations. As shown in this paper, people have different stands on divorce. In the end, though, the surefire way to avoid this tragic ending is awareness: awareness of yourself, awareness of your relationship, and awareness of the welfare of the children. As for me, I don’t have my own firm stand right now. With that I’m neither saying that I’m totally opposing divorce nor approbating with it. Actually, I’m somewhat in favor with the passing of the bill. Divorce would be auspicious for me when done in a complete and systematic way. With systematic and complete, I mean, all papers are reviewed well, the side of the both parties are well heard, in short, everything is analyzed stupendously. On the other hand, I would like, as much as possible, to prevent the filing of divorce cases. I honor the sanctity and holiness of marriage, and believe its lifetime prominence to a couple, that’s why it should be preserved, maintained, and kept until the last breath of the c ouple. Prior to our knowledge, the Philippines had been colonized by the Spaniards for approximately 300 years. For this reason, Catholicism, brought by these colonizers in our country, has a great influence to the state. The Filipino identity which is mostly explicit in this matter is their complete and pious devotion to the Roman Catholic Church and its beliefs since Filipinos, as stated earlier, were greatly influenced by the religion brought by Spaniards. In view of the fact that the Catholic Church believes that marriage is a lifetime partnership and commitment between couples, it can be said that the church does not concur with the concept of divorce. This may be proved by the absence of divorce here in the Philippines. Only annulment is passed out in our country. The statements that I like the most are: The responses that I dislike are: I like his statement because we have the same stand and it doesn’t show any bias. I also favor this response because this answer is very eye catching plus it’s composition structure is superb. I dislike this for responses are irrelevant. Only God holds and knows our future. Marriage couldn’t be dash with that reason and there is a bigger chance that the children could be more affected when their parents are separated. I also dislike this because we, humans must know what is right and wrong.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
Vampire Diaries The Awakening Book Report English Literature Essay
Vampire Diaries The Awakening Book Report English Literature Essay Lisa Jane Smith is an American author. She lives in California. Her books are young-adult literature, horror, science fiction/fantasy and romance. She has written three trilogies, two series and two companion novels. Her books are popular and the characters are unusually beautiful people, human and supernatural and most of them are young, or at least almost youthful. Plot: In the start, its a story about Elena, she is a popular high school student. She has returning home from France at the start of a new school year. She begins in senior year at Robert E. Lee High School; she meets her best friends Bonnie, Meredith and Matt. A new boy in school, Stefan Salvatore catches the attention of all the girls. All the girls want his attention, but he didnt care, including Elena. This chocks Elena, because she never had been ignored by a boy before. Through the memories of Stefan, I got to know that Stefan is a vampire from Renaissance Florence, Italy. He had also lived since the late fifteenth century. Elena reminds Stefan of a girl named Katherine, because both look exactly likes each other. Katherine is a vampire, who Stefan has fallen in love with. Stefan hoped to marry Katherine, but the romance become complicated when Stefans Brother Damon Salvatore, appeared, because Katherine was romantically interested in Damon too. Damon and Stefan hated each other, because they both loved Katherine. One night Elena was at a school dance and upset because Caroline showed up with Stefan. But later she went off with Dick, Tyler, and Vicki to the church, but Tyler brings her out into the graveyard. He puts her down and tries gets on top of her, Elena screamed and try to get him off. Stefan appears and beats Tyler, and brings Elena back to her house. Later, they start to be friend and they fall in love, as the started to fall in love, three people have been killed. One day she wanted to visit Stefan and she goes to Stefans house, she didnt found him in his room, but she found him in the roof with blood on mouth, telling her to not be afraid. She falls off the roof and he catches her. He brings her up to his room and tells her everything. Setting: Mysticfalls, Virginia: The whole story happens in Mysticfalls, some of the place there in our time I think. Because they dont talk like people did in old time and the places seems to be modern. Like the high school they go on, they have allowed having cars on the schools parking place. I dont think they could in old time. Renaissance Florence, The late fifteenth century in Italy: The author hasnt described how it looks but its has a lot of effect on the content. Here is almost the story start, because Stefan and Damon fight over the Katherine. Both hoped to merry her and they hate each other bitterly. Graveyard: The situation happens on night; because the author says the moonlight cast shadows over the graveyard, and the place is dark. Many worn and leaning granite, many old stones from centuries past. I think because its night and dark Tyler dared to try on Elena and then Stefan come. After it Stefan and Elena become friends. Character analysis: Elena: Elena has pale golden hair. Also blond and she are slender and she has a sky blue eye. She is popular, a trendsetter. The high school senior and the girl that can have any boy she wants, and every girl wants to be. She is confident and brave, because when Stefan told her that he was vampire, she was not so scared. Stefan: He is mysterious. He had a lean, flat-muscled body. His hair is wavy and dark. He is just average height. He is good vampire because he only drinks animals blood, because of that he is weaker than Damon, because Damon drinks human blood. He seems to be or he is the only one who can resist Elena from suck the blood from Elena. Damon: He is sexy and dangerous. He has dark eyes, and dark beauty and grace and the sensuality that drew women to him but he is evil. He wants revenge against Stefan, who has betrayed him and he want Elena, because she looks like Katherine and because he know that this would hurt Stefan and make him angry. He drinks human blood that makes him strong. Theme: I think the author try to tell us that vampire doesnt always is evil, and that they do not always drink humans blood. Elena doesnt seem to be afraid when Stefan told her that he is vampire, but he wont hurt her, maybe that some girls trust the boy when they really love him. Love can make to people to hate each other bitterly. Even in family and brothers who loved each other before, and love triangle can turn to be really difficult when two boys love the same girl. Yes, I think she has achieved her intended purpose. She describe so much that you get her point, what she try to say. Your opinion: I really like this book. Its really exciting, theres always happened something exciting but there are many difficult words and not much action. I think part two its going to be better because the first part, also this book its just about the history of them and about the past. Not so much action. Recommendation: I would recommend this book or this book series to girls but some boys might like this. Because this books its about love triangle and its really girly. I think teenagers would like this book series, 14-18 years old girls or maybe boys.
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Global Businesses Cultural Analysis In Japan
Global Businesses Cultural Analysis In Japan This paper is a global business cultural analysis of Japan. The Japanese culture (communication and customs) is very complex. In order to show how the United States should conduct international business with Japan, this paper answers four research questions. First, what are the major elements and dimensions of culture in Japan? The seven major elements and dimensions discussed are communication, languages, religion, ethics, values and attitudes, manners and customs, and social structures. Secondly, how are these elements and dimensions integrated by indigenous people conducting business in Japan? Thirdly, how do these elements compare with United States culture and business? Lastly, what are the implications for United States businesses that wish to conduct business with Japan? If Businesses wish to do business with Japan, they must first understand the major elements and dimensions of Japanese culture along with its impact on how the Japanese conduct their business. If businesses fail to understand and make appropriate adjustments, they may unwittingly offend Japanese sensibilities and fail in their pursuits. Therefore, this paper will discuss these elements and dimensions, along with their impact on Japanese businesses. Furthermore, these critical factors will be compared to the United States business culture and identify appropriate adjustments, which must be made. However, prior to discussing these matters, it is prudent to consider the historical macro-cross-cultural relationships between Japan and the United States. Although Japan has an extensive and interesting history, for the purposes of this paper, the first significant milestone is that the Tokugawa Shogunate brought political stability to Japan in 1603. Subsequently, Japan was not influenced by foreign countries and its culture flourished in isolation. However, when her ports were opened to trade with the United States in 1854, Japan began to modernize and industrialize . Eventually, the country became a regional power. Seeking further domination in the Pacific, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, making United States Japans enemy. Rather than subjugating Japan, after her defeat, the United States helped her rebuild. Therefore, Japan recovered, became an ally of the United States, and remains an economic power today (Japan, 2010). What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in this region? Communication in Japan is very complex. Spoken words can have several meanings; therefore, both verbal and non-verbal communication is important to understand. Context is important part of understanding what the meaning of what is said. Non-verbal communication is important since verbal communication can be interpreted in so many ways. The smallest expression can change the meaning of what is being said. For instance frowning while someone is speaking can be interpreted as disagreement (Japan-Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette, 2004). Japan is considered to be a high-context country. This affects the way that the Japanese communicate. Information is conveyed indirectly and silence is considered a mark of maturity (Cooper-Chen Tanaka, 2008). Japanese is the predominate language spoken in Japan. However there are many other languages and dialects spoken in Japan. As the foreign and indigenous minority populations increase, so does the number of other languages spoken. Some of the other major languages spoken are Ainu, Ryukyuan, Chinese, English, and Korean. Ainu and Ryukyuan are indigenous languages that are spoken in different regions of Japan, while the other languages listed are mainly spoken by immigrants (Maher, 1997). English is a secondary language, spoken by many educated Japanese. English is studied in many Japanese secondary schools and in higher education. There are between 40 to 50 international schools in Japan that instruct in English. The historical notion of a language model (usually British or American) has declined considerably in recent years. Multi-accented English, including Asian Englishes, is increasingly acceptable (Maher, 1997). Shinto is the ancient native religion of Japan. The origins of Shinto cannot be traced because it was transmitted orally until writing was introduced by the Chinese in the fifth century. The Japanese worshiped forces and forms of nature. Shinto has many deities with no supreme deity. The Shinto shrine is a simple wooden building that houses an object that is believed to be the dwelling place of the Kami. As Buddhism entered Japan, Shinto was influenced and the shrines became more elaborate. Shinto is still widely practiced in a form that is influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism. The present form of Shinto is less like a traditional religion and more observed in festivals, traditional ceremonies, and customs. The disestablishment of state Shinto came after the countrys defeat in World War II. The present-day Shinto religion has no dogmatic system or any code of morals. The philosophies of newer sects stress world peace and brotherhood (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2009) Another major religion in Japan is Buddhism. Buddhism entered Japan in the 6th century A.D. (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2009). Buddhism originated in India about 2500 years ago. It was started when Siddhartha Gotama, now known as Buddha, was said to be awakened. Buddhisms basic concepts of faith are the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. Buddhist do not believe in any deity. The goal of Buddhism is nirvana, which means cessation. Buddhist believe that to become enlightened the human spirit must be free of the struggle to prove our existence to the world and therefore be free of reincarnation (Buddhism, 2010). 84 % of the Japanese citizens claim to be following both Shinto and Buddhism, but many only practice during the New Year, weddings, or funerals (Taylor, 2008, p. 33). Traditionally the Japanese ring out the old year at Buddhist temples. Buddhism in Japan is often called funeral Buddhism, because the Japanese have traditionally held Buddhist funerals. Buddhist priest fear that Buddhism in Japan will soon die out (Onishi, 2008). Japanese ethics is mainly influenced by Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The Japanese believe in an ideal human equality. They respect those who work hard to better the Japanese society as a whole and put a lot of emphasis on the importance of the group. Long-term and give-and-take relationships are important to the Japanese for a harmonious society. It is important to the Japanese to work together and help the fellow man. Each person must learn how to rely on each other and support others (Japan, 2003). Before conducting business in Japan it is important to understand some basic values and attitudes. Since the Japanese culture is considered high-context, even little gestures go a long way. Respect is something that the Japanese highly valuable. Direct eye contact is also not the norm, to lower ones eyes is considered a sign of respect. (Etiquette, 2010). Being on time is very important to the Japanese, as it shows respect for the attendees. However, the Japanese like to take their time making decisions (Japanese Meetings, 2010). As stated earlier the Japanese attitude toward work is that it is the individuals duty to work hard. They view work as a way to better their society and to help their fellow man. There is a big push from the Japanese government for change. However, this is not the attitude of the Japanese people. The Japanese fear that change will have a big impact on their way of life and cause more harm than good (Gaijin at the Gates, 2007). It is easy to see where Japanese manners and customs derive from once basic Japanese values and attitudes are understood. Some manners that derive from Japan being a high-context country are: it is considered inappropriate and even rude to express dramatic gestures especially pointing. When pointing something out the Japanese wave their hand, palm up, towards the object that they are pointing out. Blowing ones nose in public is considered very inappropriate. Bowing with ones hands at their side, is the traditional greeting. Male and female touching in public is considered inappropriate, even among married couples. The Japanese like to observe personal space when having a conversation. The person should go somewhere private and blow their nose with a disposable tissue. To the Japanese, smiling and laughter can be confusing. These forms of expression to the Japanese may convey embarrassment, confusion, shock, or even being upset. Respect also drives some of the manners and customs. To be invited to a persons home is considered a big honor. When entering a Japanese home, it is important to remove ones shoes to show respect (Etiquette, 2010). The modern Japanese society can be divided into six social groups; i.e.,the Imperial Family, Nobility, Upper Middle Class, Lower Middle Class, Industrial Proletariat, and Peasants. The Imperial Family is not a ruling position, but more of a symbolic position. The second highest group is the Nobility group, which is divided into three sub-groups. The highest in the order are descendants of the old court nobility called the Kuge. They also have little political power. Next is the Daimyo group, who are descendants of the dukes and counts that ruled after the seventeenth century. The final nobility group is the New Nobility. These are people who were ennobled since 1868. A large part of this group is the descendants of the Samurai. Many of the people in this group have moved up from lower social groups to this position. Out of all the nobility groups the New Nobility group has the most power in modern Japan. The Upper Middle Class can be divided into two sub-groups, the gentleman group a nd the top-ranking civil servants. The gentleman group mainly consists of those who have graduated from a university. The top-ranking civil servants gain their prestige through being in governmental service. The lower middle class includes people like shopkeepers and white collar workers. The industrial proletariats are from the rural population that came to the city to become industrial workers. The peasants have very little and do not have much social standing. The armed forces are not included in the general social structure. The armed forces provide a way to move up socially in a different social group by ranking up (Levy Jr., 2000, pp. 18-21). Women in modern Japan have the same legal rights as men. When it comes to family life though, women are expected to be house wives and take care of the children (Women in Business in Japan, 2010). How are these elements and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business in the nation? Everyday Japanese communication is also found in communication during business transactions. There is usually an underlying meaning to what the speaker is saying. According to a study done by Emmett, the speaker will present a generalized theme-oriented opinion to persuade, explain, or get approval from the addressee. He states that the addressee will have little room to disagree with the speaker, because the generalized theme-oriented opinion gives the impression that the belief is shared and supported by other people (Emmett, 2003, p. 77). The Japanese are careful in how they communicate, especially in business settings. Japanese is the most common language spoken in Japan and when dealing with local business. The need for the clear and precise use of language is never greater than in such situations (Japanese Communication Styles, 2010, para. 3). Shintoism and Buddhism influence how the Japanese conduct business. Business people who work hard to contribute to the greater cause of their companies are respected by the Japanese. It is widely believed that through sacrifice and diligent work, the individual can connect himself with a greater, pooled life-force and comply with the ethical expectations of Japanese society (Japan, 2003, para. 4). Japanese business ethics reflect their culture and religion. Japanese workers are expected to be subordinate to their companies and the companies in turn are expected to be subordinate to their nation. A sub-group may be ridiculed or punished as an unethical entity if it violates the expectations of the next larger group in the chain. These group ethics only apply to their individual groups or spheres. They are not expected to have the same ethical consideration to other rival corporations or foreigners. Japanese businesses are expected to work diligently to create mutually beneficial transactions. If they fail to do so they will face consequences and even sanctions (Japan, 2003). Integration of values, attitudes, manners, and customs into local business go hand in hand. Politeness, sincerity, and good manners are important to Japanese business etiquette. The way that the Japanese conduct business is very formal. The formality starts in the first meeting, with the presentation of business cards. Business cards should always be presented by holding it with two hands to the most senior member of the Japanese party first. The person presenting it should bow slightly and then present a card down the ranks. The business card should be treated with respect and never written on. It is important to be on time, but if a person is running late they should call at least one hour ahead. It is good to take a lot of notes during a meeting. This shows the company that they are interested in the meeting (Japanese Business Etiquette, 2009). Social classes can also be found in Japanese business. Upper middle class and even new nobility are often members of large corporations and directors. The lower middle class are often the white collar workers and shopkeepers (Levy Jr., 2000, p. 20). Japanese business decision making process is based on consensus and co-operation. This gives the people a feeling of being actively involved and they become committed to their company. Japanese companies, like Japanese society, are hierarchically organized with individuals knowing their position within a group and with regard to each other (Japanese Business Structures, 2010, para. 2). Women take the roles of lower grade tasks and are expected to leave once they marry or have children. Japanese womens annual income is about 50% less than a male co-worker (Women in Business in Japan, 2010, para. 1). How do both of the above items compare with US culture and business? Communication can be one of the biggest dilemmas between US businesses and Japanese businesses. It is important for the Japanese to develop relationships with business partners early on, which is often dependent on the persons ability to read the underlying truth to what is actually spoken. This may be difficult for US business men and women. It is important to ask enough questions in order to ensure a clear understanding (Japanese Communication Styles, 2010). Communication differences can be found between the two countries, because Japan is a high-context country while the US is considered a low-context country. As discussed earlier, the smallest gesture to the Japanese can change the context of what is being said. In low-context cultures, like the US, people rely on what words are being said (Satterlee, 2009, p. 41). This can cause some major miscommunication. Another communication barrier is how American and Japanese business people arrive at an agreement differently. This causes difficulties during the negotiation process. The Japanese are concerned with pursuing social relationship goals during this process. Meanwhile, Americans tend to be individualistic. Americans focus is on the immediate and not the long term relationships that the Japanese look for. This can cause some issues between Japanese and American businesses (Kumar, 1999, p. 63-78). Communication between Japanese and American businesses may be difficult; but, with patience and an understanding of the Japanese, a great business relationship can be formed. Language can be a problem for American and Japanese business meetings. There are few foreigners who can speak Japanese well; therefore, the meetings must be spoken in English. Most levels of English in Japan are patchy. This can cause confusion. Often what is said is either not understood or it is misunderstood (Japanese Communication Styles, 2010). The major professed religion in the United States is Christianity. As of 2007 only 0.7% of Americans claimed to be Buddhist (United States, 2010). This is a drastic comparison to the 84% of Japanese who claim to be following both Buddhism and Shintoism. However, moderation and toleration is becoming a norm in America. Americans are celebrating differences and look down upon those who judge anothers beliefs (Orwin, 2004, pp. 26-27). Buddhism teaches its followers to be tolerant of all beliefs and religions. They agree with moral teachings of other religions (Buddhism, 2010). There should be no conflict dealing with religion in business, because Americans are becoming more tolerant to other beliefs and Buddhism embraces other religious teachings. The Business Ethics Index (BEI) for Japan is very similar to that of the US. There have been a few more incidents of unethical behaviors from Japanese companies than that of the US. Like Enron did in the US, Liverdoor did the same thing in Japan. Some of the other Japanese scandals include Snow Brand Foods and Tokyo Electric Co. Based on the BEI, Japanese and American managers had the same views on corporates responsibility and unethical business practices. Differences in ethics can be found in some areas. For instance, Japanese focus on the group (collectivism). The Japanese have the good-of-the-group mentality while the American mindset is that of the good-of-the-individual (Tsalikis, 2008, pp. 379-385). Since Japanese and American business ethics are very similar, Americans should have little ethical complications when dealing with Japanese businesses. There are differences when it comes to American values and attitudes from those of the Japanese. The major driving force for the differences is the individualism of Americans versus the collectivism of the Japanese. The American dream is to make a name for one self. The Japanese, as stated many times earlier, are concerned with how their actions affect everyone around them. Japanese hierarchy is based on consensus and co-operation rather than the top-down decision making process which often typifies western models of hierarchy (Japanese Business Structures, 2010, para. 3). Respect is important to both Americans and Japanese, but the Japanese have a more formal stance on respect. An example of this would be how Americans find that not looking a person in the eye as disrespectful or even the person is trying to hide something, while the Japanese lower their eyes to show respect. There may be differences when it comes to values and attitudes, but American businesses should have no probl em understanding the Japanese values and attitudes with a little research and study. Whenever someone is dealing with a new culture, there is going to be differences in manners and customs. The typical American greeting is a firm handshake and looking the person in the eyes. The traditional Japanese greeting is a bow with the persons hands at their side and with their eyes lowered. The Japanese are aware of the handshake being the typical Western greeting and they will greet Westerners with a handshake, but it will be often weak. The American dream allows a person to be in a high position in the company based on their education and hard work. This is in contrast to the Japanese, where age equals rank. Both cultures will use professional titles in formal situations. The Japanese word for Mr. or Mrs. is san. The exchange of business cards is common in both cultures. The Japanese, as discussed earlier, take it to another level. American business men and women should have business cards that are printed in English on one side and Japanese on the other side. The person re ceiving the cards should take time to read it. It should never be put in ones back pocket or a wallet. American hosts usually allow everyone to order food and drinks; this is not true for Japanese hosts. The host will order drinks and meals for everyone in the group, because they are responsible for paying the bill. Silence can be uncomfortable for Americans, but this is seen as useful and generative to the Japanese. Dress is important to the Japanese. Americans also take pride in how they dress, but acceptable dress clothes in America may not be appropriate in Japan. Vibrant colors, bold designs, and flashy jewelry should be avoided, as this is not the norm. Women in Japan do not wear revealing clothing in a business setting, full or longer length skirts is acceptable. Learning the differences between American and Japanese manners and customs can lead to a successful business relationship between American and Japanese companies (Etiquette, 2010). The American social structure is different than that of the Japanese. American social classes can be broken down into upper class, upper middle, lower middle, and lower class. The upper class refers to the rich, while the lower class refers to the poor. Unlike the Japanese, there is no royalty or nobility in the United States. CEOs are usually found in the upper class, while the majority of business workers can be found somewhere in the middle class. The American dream allows for a person to move upward through the social classes based on how hard they work and getting a better education. This is where the Japanese and Americans will find contrast. As stated earlier, the Japanese know their place in society and remain there unless they join the armed forces. American women have come a long way in the US. Many American women are found in high ranking positions. There will be difficulties for American women working in Japan. Women in Japan do not hold high positions. American women may encounter difficulties when dealing with Japanese male colleagues. They sometimes are accepted as an honorary man (Women in Business in Japan, 2010). One way to understand the difference in culture between Japan and the United States is using the Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. This study is considered the most comprehensive study of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. Geert Hofsted analyzed a data base of employee values from IBM between 1967 and 1973 which covered more than 70 countries. The dimensions that he included were Power Distance Index, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, and Long-Term Orientation. Japan scored higher in the Power Distance Index. This means that more members of organizations in Japan accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Americans scored higher in the Individualism dimension. As discussed earlier, the Japanese are more concerned with collectivism, while Americans are concerned about individuals. Japan scored higher in the Masculinity dimension. This shows that there is more of a gap in Japan between mens values and womens values. According to Geert research the masculine values are very assertive and competitive, while the feminine values are modest and caring. The Japanese also score higher in the Uncertainty Avoidance Index. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index pertains to a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. The Japanese are uncomfortable in unstructured situations where the outcome is uncertain. Countries with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index will minimize uncertainty with strict laws and rules. The last dimension is where there is the biggest difference between the two countries. The Japanese scored a lot higher on the Long-Term Orientation dimension. Virtues associated with Long-Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance, while values associated with Short-Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting ones face (Geert Hoftede Cultural Dimensions, 2009). The Geert Hoftede Cultural Dimensions helps international businesses understand how the host countrys cult ure compares with their home culture. To be successful at international business in Japan, a U.S. company should look at the five dimensions and use it to further their understanding of the Japanese culture. What are the implications for US businesses that wish to conduct business in that region? Understanding current U.S. and Japanese relations is important before conducting business in Japan. U.S.-Japan alliance is responsible for the U.S. security role in East Asia. This alliance has helped the with U.S. national security strategy in the region. In return the alliance provides protection from Japans neighbors, particularly China and North Korea (U.S.-Japan Relations, 2009). Japan recently elected a new prime minister, Naoto Kan of the Democratic Party of Japan. Relations between the U.S. and Japan were harmed by the former Prime Minister Mr. Hatoyama. During elections Mr. Hatoyama pledged to reconsider the agreement on the relocation of the US air base on Okinawa. The U.S. pressured Mr. Hatoyama to later reverse his position, which infuriated the inhabitants of Okinawa and many leaders within the Democratic Party of Japan. This was the major factor that lead to his resignation. The new Prime Minister, Mr. Kan, has pledged to implement the original agreement. There are abou t 47,000 U.S. Troops stationed in Japan. More than half of these troops are stationed on the island of Okinawa. This dispute has caused the goodwill between the two countries for the past fifty years to be undermined (Japan: Country Outlook, 2010). Japan is considered one of the United States most important economic partners. Japan is responsible for the second largest source of imports for the U.S. outside of North America. They are also the second largest source of foreign direct investment for the U.S. Japan has helped to finance the U.S. deficit and reduce U.S. interest rates by being the second-largest foreign holders of U.S. treasuries. Even though the two countries are facing tensions over base relocation, they are economically dependent on each other (U.S.-Japan Relations, 2009). The Japanese banned all U.S. beef imports in December 2003, after the discovery of the first U.S. case of mad cow disease. This ban was finally lifted in December 2005, but quickly re-imposed it in January 2006, after finding bone material among the first beef shipments from the U.S. The Japanese lifted the ban in July 2006 on cattle 20 months old or younger. After much pressure from the U.S. in May 27, 2009, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries reportedly were ready to ask the restrictions to be more relaxed allowing U.S. beef imports from cattle younger than 30 months (Federation of American Scientists, 2009). Japan asked the World Trade Organization (WTO) for permission to impose sanctions on U.S. imports on January 2008 for the failure to comply with WTO decision against the U.S. practice of zeroing in antidumping duty determinations. These sanctions on U.S. imports were valued around $250 million. On April 24, 2009 the WTO ruled in favor of Japan stating that the United States was not in compliance with the WTO ruling. The practice of zeroing is where the U.S. Department of Commerce treats prices of imports that are above fair market value as zero dumping margin rather than a negative margin (Federation of American Scientists, 2009). There are many reasons that an American company should consider doing business in Japan. Japan is considered the center of new trends and creativity. Businesses around the world are partnering with Japanese companies. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) gives ten advantages to investing in Japan (Investing in Japan, 2010). They are listed as follows: Japan has an enormous market that has huge potential. Japanese consumers are early adapters. These consumers like to stay on the cutting edge when it comes to new technologies. Many companies find that Japan is a good test market for new products and services. Japan provides promising markets and industries. Many of Japans industries are globally competitive. Four sectors that are showing potential for future growth are: Information and communication technology, medical and health care, automotive parts, and environment-related markets. Japan is home to many of the worlds top companies. Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be found in Japan like SMEs that possess unique technologies. Partnerships with these types of companies can help foreign companies seeking to enter the Japanese market, boost their technological capacity, and open up markets and sales channels. Japan possesses the ideal conditions to be a center of innovation due to its cooperation between foreign companies, universities and other organizations. Japan is also becoming a gateway to the Asian market. Companies from around the world are using Japan as a location for regional headquarters. There are a number of foreign companies seeking to expand their businesses in Japan. Japan is becoming a destination that offers potential for foreign companies to increase their profits. Japan has a mature investment infrastructure. Japans industrial structure and business environment is similar to U.S. and European environments. Japan has a secure, comfortable living environment. Japan has welcomed many foreign cultures and provides clean and safe urban environments. There are some risks that foreign companies will face when looking into investing into Japan. There is the risk of being scammed by people who will pretend to be experts in various aspects of doing business in Japan and pocket the companys money. Doing business in Japan can be extremely expensive if cost are not properly controlled (Making Japan Work for You, 2009). The Japanese government is trying hard to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The government has changed its commercial code, making it easier for foreign firms to buy Japanese ones. The government does not desire foreign cash; but it hopes that foreigners can help reform companies and introduce competition. For instance, Starbucks forced other Japanese coffee shops to improve. While this may sound good to foreign companies looking to conduct business in Japan, it has not been very successful. Consumer spending is becoming sluggish and the Japanese population is shrinking. Tax codes make life difficult for foreign fi rms. Many Japanese companies are resisting foreign takeovers. They fear that foreign take over their companies would result in a loss of jobs. Some foreign investors are finding that investing in Japan involves too much effort for a little profit (Gaijin at the Gates, 2007). Despite the risks involved, international business in Japan can be a good investment. Conclusion Japan is home to a rich and vibrant culture that offers much for innovation and investment for businesses. The Japanese are a very complex society from the way they communicate to their many customs. American business men and women can learn a lot from the Japanese. For instance, the Japanese have been very successful in globalization and have avoided an economic crisis. Most importantly, Japanese businesses do a better job of building a relationship with business partners than American businesses do. Oftentimes, Americans are more interested in making money than building relationships American business can be more successful by learning about the people they are doing business with and taking the time to build a relationship with them. Although the Japanese may seem drastically different from Americans, American companies can be successful in doing business in Japan. It will require a lot research and preparation, but the payoff can be great.
Monday, August 19, 2019
Og Mandino (For the Rest of My Life) :: essays research papers
For the Rest of My Life . . .      For the rest of my life there are two days that will never again trouble me. The first day is yesterday with all its blunders and tears, its follies and defeats. Yesterday has passed forever bye my control. The other day is tomorrow with its pitfalls and threats, its dangers and mystery. Until the sun rises again, I have no stake in tomorrow, for it is still unborn. With God’s help and only one day to concentrate all my effort and energy on, this day, I can win! Only when I add the burden of those two frightening eternities, yesterday and tomorrow, am I in danger of faltering under the load. Never again! This is my day! This is my only day! Today is all there is! Today is the rest of my life and I resolve to conduct myself through every waking hour in the following manner. . . . For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me . . . to heed the wise advice of Jesus and Confucius and Zoroaster and treat me. To maintain a rein on my tongue and my t emper, guarding against foolish moments of faultfinding and insults. To greet all those I encounter with a smile instead of a frown, and a soft word of encouragement instead of disdain or even worse, silence. To be sympathetic and attentive to the sorrows and struggles of others, realizing that there are hidden woes in every life no matter how exalted or lowly. To make haste to be kind to all others, understanding that life is too short to be vengeful or malicious, too soon ended to be petty or unkind. For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me. To keep reminding myself that in order to harvest more ears of corn in the fall, I must plant more kernels in the spring. To understand that life always rewards me on the terms that I establish, and if I never perform or deliver more than that for which I am paid, never will I have reason to demand or expect and additional gold. To always deliver more than is expected of me, whether at work, at play, or at home. To labor wit h enthusiasm and l9ove, no matter what the task at hand may be, realizing that if I cannot secure happiness out of my work I will never know what real happiness is. Og Mandino (For the Rest of My Life) :: essays research papers For the Rest of My Life . . .      For the rest of my life there are two days that will never again trouble me. The first day is yesterday with all its blunders and tears, its follies and defeats. Yesterday has passed forever bye my control. The other day is tomorrow with its pitfalls and threats, its dangers and mystery. Until the sun rises again, I have no stake in tomorrow, for it is still unborn. With God’s help and only one day to concentrate all my effort and energy on, this day, I can win! Only when I add the burden of those two frightening eternities, yesterday and tomorrow, am I in danger of faltering under the load. Never again! This is my day! This is my only day! Today is all there is! Today is the rest of my life and I resolve to conduct myself through every waking hour in the following manner. . . . For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me . . . to heed the wise advice of Jesus and Confucius and Zoroaster and treat me. To maintain a rein on my tongue and my t emper, guarding against foolish moments of faultfinding and insults. To greet all those I encounter with a smile instead of a frown, and a soft word of encouragement instead of disdain or even worse, silence. To be sympathetic and attentive to the sorrows and struggles of others, realizing that there are hidden woes in every life no matter how exalted or lowly. To make haste to be kind to all others, understanding that life is too short to be vengeful or malicious, too soon ended to be petty or unkind. For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me. To keep reminding myself that in order to harvest more ears of corn in the fall, I must plant more kernels in the spring. To understand that life always rewards me on the terms that I establish, and if I never perform or deliver more than that for which I am paid, never will I have reason to demand or expect and additional gold. To always deliver more than is expected of me, whether at work, at play, or at home. To labor wit h enthusiasm and l9ove, no matter what the task at hand may be, realizing that if I cannot secure happiness out of my work I will never know what real happiness is.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Use of Diction and Imagery in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Essay
Use of Diction and Imagery in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Black Boy, which was written by Richard Wright, is an autobiography of his upbringing and of all of the trouble he encountered while growing up. Black Boy is full of drama that will sometimes make the reader laugh and other times make the reader cry. Black Boy is most known for its appeals to emotions, which will keep the reader on the edge of his/her seat. In Black Boy Richard talks about his social acceptance and identity and how it affected him. In Black Boy, Richard’s diction showed his social acceptance and his imagery showed his identity. First, the diction that Richard Wright uses in this passage of him in the library shows his social acceptance. An example of this is when Mr. Faulk, the librarian, lets Richard borrow his library card to check out books from the library. Richard writes, a note saying, â€Å"Dear Madam; Will you please let this nigger boy have some books by H.L Mencken. †Richard uses, â€Å"nigger boy,†on the card so the other librarian would think that Mr. Faulk had written the note, not him. Richard having to write the word â€Å"nigger†on the library shows that if Richard would have written â€Å"black boy†instead, the librarian would have known he would have written the note. The fact that Richard has to lie and write a note to just be able to get the books from the library is an example of his social acceptance. Another example of diction showing Richard’s social acceptance is when Mr. Faulk gives Richard the library card and he tells Richard not to mention this to any other â€Å"white man.†By reading this statement by Mr. Faulk, it clearly shows how unaccepted blacks were and how afraid people were to be connected to them, even if it only involved giving the... ...mple of imagery is when Richard’s friends run up to him with his article in their hands and a baffled look on their faces. This shows that Richard is a very talented writer for his age and that Richard is a very ambitious person because his school never taught him to write the way he does. This also shows that Richard took it upon himself to become a talented author and wants to be a writer when he grows up. In conclusion, an author’s writing can tell a lot about himself. The writer will tell the reader something about themselves, either through diction, syntax or by other methods. In Black Boy, Richard writes in a way that allows the reader to learn information about his life. Learning about the author through his/her writing is the best way to learn about them because this way you get to learn what author thinks about the topics that he/she are talking about.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Inventory System
A perpetual inventory tracking system is a method of immediately accounting for inventory sales in the inventory account, if there is no theft or spoilage. It is an inventory management system where store balances of inventory are recorded after every transaction. It eliminates the need for the store to close down constantly for inventory stock-taking as perpetual inventory systems allow for continuous stock-taking. Perpetual inventory systems keep a running account of the company's inventory. Perpetual inventory systems involve more record-keeping than periodic inventory systems.Every inventory item is kept on a separate ledger. These inventory ledgers contain information on cost of goods sold, purchases, and inventory on hand. Perpetual inventory management systems allow for a high degree of control of the company's inventory by management. Perpetual inventory management is generally used by companies who have the ability to scan the inventory items sold and who use point-of-sal e inventory systems. Perpetual inventory systems provide the business owner with a record of what is sold, where it was sold from, when it was sold, and for what price it was sold.As a result, it allows for businesses to have more than one location with one centralized inventory management system. Even with a perpetual inventory management system, the company still needs to shut down at least annually to do a periodic, or manual, inventory count. The scanned data should tell the business owner exactly what inventory should be on hand. The major advantage of doing a periodic inventory count is to determine how much inventory has been lost, stolen, or subject to spoilage.What is a Periodic Inventory System? A periodic inventory system does not require day-to-day tracking of physical inventory. Purchases, cost of goods sold, and inventory on hand cannot be tracked until the end of the accounting time period when a physical inventory is performed and ending inventory is compared against the sum of beginning inventory and purchases. Cost of ending inventory can be calculated by using the LIFO or FIFO inventory accounting methods, or other less common methods. Inventory System Janes (2001) stated that computers are extremely reliable device and very powerful calculators with some great accessories applications like word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office equipment that process information because computer are faster, more accurate more economical Reyes (2005) task would be time consuming to accomplish manually and more practical with the aid of computers field in cabinet.Dioso (2001) stated  that computer assist  careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating and controlling . This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production activities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve conditions. Ralph M. Stair (1999) emphasized that the development of technology through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. From the orientation of the light bulb to the industrial revolution and beyo nd, we have continuously tried to in a more efficient means of doing tasks.Lewis (2002) stated that the reason for using computers vary from person to person. Some of the computers in business are to perform accuracy, to be as productivity, to decrease bottle necks or hassles to alter cash flows or to simples elevate your status. Sybex  Inc (1999) stated that visual basic provide a graphical environment in which the users usually designed the forms and control that become the building block of tour application . Visual Basic support many useful tools that will help the user more productivity. Computerize sales and inventory systemComputers began from a wild imaginative idea to the world’s highly prioritized tool. Computers today are now used as a substitute to manual processes and other past inventions like the radio, television, etc. It is now used by people for much simpler, easier and faster way to do things. Some used it as a hobby, and some use it as a job. Technolog y has never stopped from advancing through the years. Its new innovations helps answer the people’s further complex questions. Why not use these advantages to benefit ourselves? Many people use computers in their daily lives.Some use it for transactions, some use it for educational purposes and others use it for data storage. Though it might sound unnecessary but in some cases when storing a file for such a big company, can you manage it properly? Organizing, finding a file, etc. With computers, it can help you simplify the process of storing and managing the files you need for future use and make finding files easier than the manual process. A Proposed Sales and Inventory System In business like merchandising, Sales and Inventory system plays an important role.It is used to track all the transactions made by the business and responsible for monitoring the items supplies. All the business transactions must be properly recorded and must be fully secured by password. A Computer ized system is the best solution and most innovative answer for their needs. The researchers had been motivated to do a study on this topic according to the above observation. The result may help others to understand more about computer-generated data processing, especially on how to deal with computers in terms of speed, accuracy and data security Inventory System This chapter of a thesis commences a brief statement and enumerating the main topics that are to be covered in it; namely;1) Research Design; 2) Sources of Data (Locale of the Study and Population/Sampling); 3) Instrumentation and Data Collection; and 4) Tools for Data Analysis.Research DesignThe appropriate research design should be specified and described.A research design encompasses the methodology and procedure employed to conduct scientific research. The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g.: descriptive-longitudinal case study), research question and hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan.Sources of DataDescribe the locale of the study and the research population.Locale of the Study Describes the place where the study was conducted and the rationale behind its choice. Popu lation/Sampling Describe the population of interest and the sampling of subjects used in the study. Instrumentation and Data CollectionDescribe the instrument, what it will measure, how to interpret, to whom it will be administered and if it is necessary, describe how it will be administered. Discuss how the validity and the reliability will be established. Specify the level of reliability (probability). Give details of instruction given to assistants if persons other than the researcher gather data. State qualifications of informants if used in the study.Tools for Data Analysis Determine and justify the statistical treatment for each sub-problem Determine and justify the scales of values used and the descriptive equivalent ratings, if any.In thesis writing, the most difficult part to defend is Chapter 4 because it is inthis section where you will present the results of the whole study. Here is a sample thesis format.In thesis writing, the most difficult part to defend is Chapter 4 because it is in this section where you will present the results of the whole study. Here is a sample thesis format.CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATAPresentation of DataPresent the findings of the study in the order of the specific problem as stated in the statement of the Problem. Present the data in these forms: Tabular Textual Graphical (optional) The ZOOM LENS approach may be used for purposes of clarity in the presentation of data, i.e. general to particular, macro to micro or vice versa.Analysis of the DataData may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the level of measurement and the number of dimensions and variables of the study. Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data presented in the data presented in the table. Avoid table reading. State statistical descriptions in declarative sentences, e.g. in the studies involving:Correlation State level of correlation State whether positive or negative Indicate the level of significa nce Make a decision Differences of Measures State the obtained statistical results Indicate the level of significance of the difference Make a decision Interpretation of Data1. Establish interconnection between and among data 2. Check for indicators whether hypothesis/esis/are supported or not by findings. 3. Link the present findings with the previous literature. 4. Use parallel observations with contemporary events to give credence presented in the introduction. 5. Draw out implications.In thesis writing, the Chapter is simply a summary of what the researcher had done all throughout the whole research. The following format serves as a sample:CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSSummary of Findings This describes the problem, research design, and the findings (answer to the questions raised). The recommended format is the paragraph form instead of the enumeration form. For each of the problems, present:The salient findings, The results of the hypothesis tested Conclusions These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the general and each of the specific sub-problems. These contain generalized in relation to the population. These are general inferences applicable to a wider and similar population. Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions. It is not a must to state conclusions on a one-to-one correspondence with the problems and the findings as all variables can be subsume in one paragraph. Conclusions may be used as generalizations from a micro to a macro-level or vice versa (ZOOM LENS approach).Recommendations They should be based on the findings and conclusion of the study. Recommendations may be specific or general or both. They may include suggestions for fu rther studies. They should be in non-technical (skilled) language.They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable, adaptable. An action plan is optional. Inventory System A perpetual inventory tracking system is a method of immediately accounting for inventory sales in the inventory account, if there is no theft or spoilage. It is an inventory management system where store balances of inventory are recorded after every transaction. It eliminates the need for the store to close down constantly for inventory stock-taking as perpetual inventory systems allow for continuous stock-taking. Perpetual inventory systems keep a running account of the company's inventory. Perpetual inventory systems involve more record-keeping than periodic inventory systems.Every inventory item is kept on a separate ledger. These inventory ledgers contain information on cost of goods sold, purchases, and inventory on hand. Perpetual inventory management systems allow for a high degree of control of the company's inventory by management. Perpetual inventory management is generally used by companies who have the ability to scan the inventory items sold and who use point-of-sal e inventory systems. Perpetual inventory systems provide the business owner with a record of what is sold, where it was sold from, when it was sold, and for what price it was sold.As a result, it allows for businesses to have more than one location with one centralized inventory management system. Even with a perpetual inventory management system, the company still needs to shut down at least annually to do a periodic, or manual, inventory count. The scanned data should tell the business owner exactly what inventory should be on hand. The major advantage of doing a periodic inventory count is to determine how much inventory has been lost, stolen, or subject to spoilage.What is a Periodic Inventory System? A periodic inventory system does not require day-to-day tracking of physical inventory. Purchases, cost of goods sold, and inventory on hand cannot be tracked until the end of the accounting time period when a physical inventory is performed and ending inventory is compared against the sum of beginning inventory and purchases. Cost of ending inventory can be calculated by using the LIFO or FIFO inventory accounting methods, or other less common methods. Inventory System Janes (2001) stated that computers are extremely reliable device and very powerful calculators with some great accessories applications like word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office equipment that process information because computer are faster, more accurate more economical Reyes (2005) task would be time consuming to accomplish manually and more practical with the aid of computers field in cabinet.Dioso (2001) stated  that computer assist  careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating and controlling . This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production activities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve conditions. Ralph M. Stair (1999) emphasized that the development of technology through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. From the orientation of the light bulb to the industrial revolution and beyo nd, we have continuously tried to in a more efficient means of doing tasks.Lewis (2002) stated that the reason for using computers vary from person to person. Some of the computers in business are to perform accuracy, to be as productivity, to decrease bottle necks or hassles to alter cash flows or to simples elevate your status. Sybex  Inc (1999) stated that visual basic provide a graphical environment in which the users usually designed the forms and control that become the building block of tour application . Visual Basic support many useful tools that will help the user more productivity. Computerize sales and inventory systemComputers began from a wild imaginative idea to the world’s highly prioritized tool. Computers today are now used as a substitute to manual processes and other past inventions like the radio, television, etc. It is now used by people for much simpler, easier and faster way to do things. Some used it as a hobby, and some use it as a job. Technolog y has never stopped from advancing through the years. Its new innovations helps answer the people’s further complex questions. Why not use these advantages to benefit ourselves? Many people use computers in their daily lives.Some use it for transactions, some use it for educational purposes and others use it for data storage. Though it might sound unnecessary but in some cases when storing a file for such a big company, can you manage it properly? Organizing, finding a file, etc. With computers, it can help you simplify the process of storing and managing the files you need for future use and make finding files easier than the manual process. A Proposed Sales and Inventory System In business like merchandising, Sales and Inventory system plays an important role.It is used to track all the transactions made by the business and responsible for monitoring the items supplies. All the business transactions must be properly recorded and must be fully secured by password. A Computer ized system is the best solution and most innovative answer for their needs. The researchers had been motivated to do a study on this topic according to the above observation. The result may help others to understand more about computer-generated data processing, especially on how to deal with computers in terms of speed, accuracy and data security
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